Wednesday, November 4, 2009

Decrease in Smoking


The prevalence of smoking in the U.S. has decreased to 20.8% in 2006 from a high of 42% in 1965. [4] Nonetheless, tobacco use is still the most common cause of preventable death and disease in the U.S., accounting for approximately 438,000 premature deaths, 5.5 million years potential life lost and $92 billion in productivity losses annually. [1] [4] Smoking reduces the median survival of smokers on average by 10 years, and beyond the age of 40 each additional year of smoking reduces life expectancy by 3 months. [5] Globally, smoking prevalence is rising in the developing countries, and it is estimated that in the 21st century there will be 1 billion deaths due to tobacco use worldwide unless these trends are reversed. [6] By quitting cigarette smoking, a patient reduces the risk of lung cancer and other diseases by 20% to 90%, and improves survival even among those who quit over the age of 50. [5] Image 2 image Nonetheless, habitual smokers find it extremely difficult to successfully stop smoking. Although 70% of smokers would like to quit, and 40% make at least 1 quit attempt per year, only 3% to 4% of smokers per year are successful in quitting long term on their own. [7]




Significant survival benefit of smoking cessation.2
Adapted from Fiore MC, Jaen CR, Baker TB, et al. Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update. Clinical Practice Guideline. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service; May 2008.
Referenced Articles

4
Reference
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Cigarette smoking among adults--United States, 2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2007;56:1157-1161.[Abstract] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17989644 [Full Text] http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5644a2.htm

1
Reference
Mokdad A, Marks J, Stroup D, et al. Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000. JAMA. 2004;291:1238-1245. [Abstract] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15010446

5
Reference
Doll R, Peto R, Boreham J, et al. Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors. BMJ. 2004;328:1519.[Abstract] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15213107 [Full Text] http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/328/7455/1519

6
Reference
Peto R, Lopez AD. The future worldwide health effects of current smoking patterns. In: Koop CE, Pearson CE, Schwarz MR, eds. Critical issues in global health. New York, NY: Jossey-Bass; 2001.

7
Reference
Messer K, Pierce J, Zhu S-H, et al. The California Tobacco Control Program's effect on adult smokers: (1) Smoking cessation. Tob Control. 2007;16:85-90.[Abstract] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17400944 [Full Text] http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/16/2/85

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