The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that all of the following are true except:
a. Only 60% of Americans have an fire escape plan.
b. Only 25% of those who have a fire escape plan have practiced it.
c. Smoke alarms cut occupants' chances of dying in a fire in half.
d. Malfunctioning or non-present smoke alarms are found in 30% of home fire deaths.
Fires and related burn injuries are a major issue in health care. The U.S. Fire Administration data shows that in 2006, 3,245 civilians lost their lives as the result of fire. There were 16,400 civilian injuries that occurred as the result of fire; 81% of all civilian fire deaths occurred in residences, and 106 firefighters were killed while on duty. Direct property loss due to fires was estimated at $11.3 billion. In 524,000 structural fires, there were 2,705 deaths and 14,350 injuries, resulting in $9.6 million dollars of direct loss. The U.S. Fire Administration/National Fire Data Center report on fatal fires estimated that there were 3,300 fatal fires that claimed 3,380 civilian lives (86% involved single fatalities, 14% involved multiple fatalities). Seventy-four percent of fatal fires occurred in structures; 94% of these were on residential properties. The leading cause of fires that resulted in fatalities was arson (27%), followed by smoking (18%). Smoke alarms were either not present or not functional in 63% of residential fires.
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) of the Department of Health and Human Services outcomes data for 2005 for burn injuries in the United States shows 40,687 hospital discharges. The mean length of stay was 7.1 days, mean charges were $41,000, and the in-hospital mortality rate was 2.4%. This represents $1.67 billion in health care cost annually for the management of patients with burns. Of this care, 28.7% was provided under private insurance; however, Medicare and Medicaid paid for 42% of care, and this government expenditure represents $709 million. Additionally, uninsured patients, whose costs are passed on to other insurers, represented 15% for $245 million; however, this figure does not represent the entire uninsured group, as many burn patients in most states qualify for Medicaid because of the magnitude of their burn injuries.
Thermal burns may result from contact with flames, hot liquids, hot surfaces, and other sources of intense heat; chemical burns and electrical burns may also occur. In addition, mass casualties and disasters, explosions, and fires can cause a variety of serious injuries, including burns. Prevention and planning are vital; the public must understand how to behave safely in mass casualty and fire situations and to comprehend basic principles of first aid for burn victims, as immediate care can be lifesaving. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicates that only 60% of Americans have an escape plan, and of those, only 25% have practiced it. The CDC estimates that smoke alarms cut the chances of dying in a fire in half.
Answer: d
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